We at VIAVI have long been aware of the impact of latency on the datacoms and telecoms ecosystem. Specialized applications have been developed which allow customers to develop and evaluate ICs, optical modules, ASICs and systems based on their bandwidth throughput and latency. Historically, people have focused on microseconds, but increasingly – especially driven by […]
Tag Archives ethernet
Modern high-speed links for the fastest Ethernet rates of 400GbE and above use PAM-4 electrical modulation. This modulation format allows interfaces to run at the speeds required for 400GbE and above, but PAM-4 modulation is more susceptible to the impacts of noise and signal integrity. This is mitigated by the use of forward error correction […]
While evaluating high-speed network test equipment, it may be tempting to forgo deep physical layer testing capabilities to save money and reduce testing complexities. In some cases, these ‘just good enough’ solutions appear to fit the bill, but lack of deep insights can lead to product re-designs, longer development cycles or systemic failures in the […]
Since the emergence of 400 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) around 5 years ago, we have seen PAM-4 modulation replace NRZ on both optical and electrical interfaces. We now see a broad and healthy ecosystem building for 400 GbE, and even 800 GbE, using PAM-4 signaling. In fact, we are even seeing the first 100 Gb per […]
Pluggable coherent optics really hit mainstream in 2022 and a big part of that was the multi-vendor ZR interop at the OIF booth at OFC 2022. It was great to be involved in this public event as we have been involved in the background for many years supporting the pluggable coherent ecosystem from the earliest […]
While you are walking the OFC 2023 trade show floor in San Diego, you may notice VIAVI ONT-800 setups in various booths, helping manufacturers demonstrate the performance of their products to their own customers. One manufacturer using VIAVI gear is InnoLight Technology Ltd., a global manufacturer of high-speed optical transceivers in booth #4115. New InnoLight […]
800G is becoming a talking point and it is one topic that can mean different things to different people. The main thrust today is development of 800G class pluggable modules. We are seeing the first 800G modules, both QSFP-DD800 and OSFP-800 appearing in the market. Although they carry an 800G tag they are really focused […]
Over the past few months, teams have been very busy developing 400G class pluggable optical modules. Both as QSFP-DD, predominantly for -ZR 80km applications, and CFP2 for full multi-service DWDM. These coherent modules are a complex mix of photonics, high speed electronics, DSP and firmware as well as mechanical and thermal engineering and we at […]
Ethernet business services including cell site backhaul, internet access, and all the flavors of virtual private networks are among the most profitable and fastest growing services at many communications service providers. The best operations teams take great care to ensure business services are high quality on delivery to eliminate costly customer disputes. Here’s a list […]
Pluggable coherent optics are now being developed for 400G applications with two distinct streams emerging. One is high performance CFP2 based for 1000+km reach and multi-service applications and the other is QSFP-DD ZR (and perhaps OSFP) for DCI and metro Ethernet applications. Both streams present new challenges for test and measurement, not just to meet […]
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