With the advent of 400G Ethernet, it has become critically important to fully understand and validate Forward Error Correction (FEC) logic and the related software and firmware. 400G Ethernet uses PAM-4 signalling optically and electrically. Because of the susceptibility to the impact of noise, distortion, and other disturbances, most links will run with a raw error […]

Growing up in Castleisland, County Kerry, my family was lucky to know the famous journalist Con Houlihan. With his fantastic command of the written word he was often asked to advise on the progress of young student’s written English by concerned mothers. Con’s stock reply would normally be ‘Well, they are making all the right […]

400G optics have already presented tremendous R&D challenges during the first phases of 400G QSFP-DD development. PAM-4 high speed signalling in both the optical and electrical domains, debugging module firmware and the interaction with the DSP firmware are clear examples, not to mention the new challenge brought about by the latest emerging standard in optical […]

Open RAN

3 challenges you might face with Open RAN deployment. The deployment and management of the radio access network (RAN) is the most expensive part of network. Today, new 5G radio access networks (RANs) are being developed to support a range of new features, including multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, large spectrum bandwidths and multi-band carrier aggregation. […]

The demand for fast, flawless network connectivity continues to expand across the globe as our world becomes increasingly digitally interconnected. High-speed 4G and 5G networks provide instant access to data-intensive apps, games and videos on billions of devices across the world, while the Internet of Things (IoT) allows them to seamlessly interact with one another. […]

In a data center environment, there are several key considerations that go into whether to deploy a multimode fiber, short-wavelength or a single mode-fiber-based, long-wavelength optical network. As they continue to drive critical business processes with fiber-optic connectivity as their backbone to allow connection with link servers, storage systems, and switches, both data centers and […]

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