With the move to pluggable coherent optical modules for the first time since 10G, we see client and line side considerations coming together. The most obvious example of this is optical signal to noise (OSNR) and related measurements. For any modules with the potential for use in an amplified system, OSNR becomes the fundamental figure […]

I recently participated in an interesting online debate about the use of wireless technologies to track pandemics, as part of the Senza Fili #WirelessFightsCOVID webinar series. During our discussion, there were a lot of opinions on how to track the spread of infection and what is the best and most secure way to do contact tracing […]

With the advent of 400G Ethernet, it has become critically important to fully understand and validate Forward Error Correction (FEC) logic and the related software and firmware. 400G Ethernet uses PAM-4 signalling optically and electrically. Because of the susceptibility to the impact of noise, distortion, and other disturbances, most links will run with a raw error […]

Growing up in Castleisland, County Kerry, my family was lucky to know the famous journalist Con Houlihan. With his fantastic command of the written word he was often asked to advise on the progress of young student’s written English by concerned mothers. Con’s stock reply would normally be ‘Well, they are making all the right […]

400G optics have already presented tremendous R&D challenges during the first phases of 400G QSFP-DD development. PAM-4 high speed signalling in both the optical and electrical domains, debugging module firmware and the interaction with the DSP firmware are clear examples, not to mention the new challenge brought about by the latest emerging standard in optical […]

Open RAN

3 challenges you might face with Open RAN deployment. The deployment and management of the radio access network (RAN) is the most expensive part of network. Today, new 5G radio access networks (RANs) are being developed to support a range of new features, including multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, large spectrum bandwidths and multi-band carrier aggregation. […]

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