Optical interconnectivity at 400 Gbps has introduced many new design challenges. These include the step from NRZ to PAM-4 coding with the presence of a background error rate, the new QSFP-DD form factor for transponders with thermal and integration challenges and aggressive cost expectations early in the lifecycle. One of the most difficult challenges is […]
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The acid test of any emerging communications rate is a live field trial. The whole ecosystem must come together—from chips to systems, from lasers to complete optical links—before a single bit of large traffic can be sent. It’s where the rubber meets the road. Furthermore, large carriers like AT&T need technology to be robust and […]